Christian Ethics And Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Christian Ethics and Embryonic Stem Cell Research Embryonic stem cell research is important for further development in the medical field. It strongly supports the idea that every life has value, an idea known as human dignity. Human beings are created in the image and likeness of God, and thus, are all equal. The idea of radical equality before God leads us to think no less of someone regardless of their physical appearance, religious beliefs, cultural background, or anything else. It is through virtues such as charity, mercy, and justice that our human dignity is preserved. By living through these virtues and realizing how to effectively instill them within us, we are able to live a virtuous life. This paper argues that although issues involving embryonic stem cell research are controversial, research in this area is typically permissible for further development in the medical field when looking to preserve human dignity. In order to defend this thesis, this paper will be structured into three sections as followed: the description of embryonic stem cell research, the development of a moral lens, and the moral argument and analysis of this case. I. Description of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Stem cells are the master cells of our bodies. They are the cells that build and repair our tissues, organs, and immune system in our body. The National Stem Cell Foundation says that all stem cells have three general properties. First, they are capable of renewing and dividingShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthe research teams of the EuroStemCell project teach in their educational short film A Stem Cell Story, there are certain stages of development while in the uterus where most of our cells stop dividing and stabilize into a specific kind of cell. They do not mutate throughout our life. These cells are referred to as specialized cells. Once they are damaged or die they cannot regenerate themselves. There is one kind of cell that never specializes during development. They are called stem cells andRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay examples1237 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Extraordinary advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases is believed, by many experts, to lie behind the curtain of stem cell research. Very few other areas of research have received this much attention from the media, political leaders and various groups and organizations from around the nation. The responsiveness to this issue has been incredible because of the potential of these studies as well as the most controversial aspect of the research;Read MoreEssay about Pros and Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1261 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst Embryonic Stem Cell research mainly because they consider it unethical to use aborted fetuses for research. The two main issues concerning the research are the ethics (Cons) and the benefits (Pros). In any scientific case, ethics must always be considered. But the use of fetuses is something that is of the utmost importance. The costs are generally measured based off of people’s feelings, morals, and know ledge about the subject up for debate. The use of aborted fetuses for stem cell researchRead MoreAn Argument in Favor of Stem Cell Research Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesover stem cell research. While supporters of this new field of science tout it’s potential to cure everything from blindness to paralysis, those against stem cell science liken the procedures used by scientists to murder. It is my intention to bring to light the positive benefits of stem cell research as well as counter the claims used by many Pro-life groups who believe the scientists driving this innovative field of study are nothing more than murders. Most scientists agree that embryonic stemRead More The Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pages While some people might say that stem cell research is immoral and unethical, others believe that it is a magical solution for almost any problem, thus leading to a very controversial issue. Scientists have been searching for years for ways to eradicate incurable diseases and perform other medical procedures that yesterdays technology would not fix. With the rapidly arising, positive research on stem cell technology, the potential that exists to restore any deficiency is in the same way, likelyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell1482 Words   |  6 PagesEthic in Stem Cell We have an amazing items in our body called stem cells. Stem cells are cells that have the ability to transform into any type of tissue cell in the human body. After a sperm fertilizes an egg, the cell they form is known as a zygote or a totipotent cell. This cell goes through numerous mitotic divisions and after about four days forms a blastocyst. This blastocyst has an outer layer and an inner layer, part of which is hollow. The outer layer grows to form what will become theRead MoreStem Cell Research : Is It Humane?1686 Words   |  7 Pages2 25 February 2015 Stem-Cell Research--Is it humane? The studying of stem cells is a very controversial issue that has been around since 1998 when the research of the use of embryonic stem cell treatment began. The main issues surrounding the discussion of treating people with life-altering disabilities through the use of these pluripotent cells is the ethicality of the matter and whether or not it is a savage act against a fetus. Many who oppose the use of these stem cells derived from excessRead MoreThe Controversy Of Eugenics And Genetic Engineering1632 Words   |  7 Pageseugenics was used to a radical extreme. It wouldn’t be long, however, for genetics to return to the forefront of scientific research, thanks to the discovery of DNA’s helical structure by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 (Pray). This discovery would later lead Watson to assume the first director position for the Human Genome Project, an ambitious international research project started in 1990 that sought to map out the entire human genome, until his departure in 1992 (â€Å"A Brief History†). ThisRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell Research1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthese outstanding medical advances a self-renewing stem cell that regenerates and gives rise to all cells and tissues of the body was discovered. The controversy of such finding of abilities of stem cell is that they can only be extracted from the human embryo. In order to extort stem cells from the embryo it needs to be aborted. The extraction needs to be done just days after conception or between the fifth and the ninth week. Though s tem cell research has astonishing potential to save many lives dueRead MoreEthical Issues Surrounding Stem Cell Research4683 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction Stem cell research, one of the most exciting and controversial ethical issues in medicine today, continuously makes headlines with new developments. This topic concerns medical professionals, scientists, ethics forums, and even politicians, but many people do not know what to conclude from the controversy surrounding it. Dr. Elizabeth Crouch1, a genetics professor of the Biomedical Science Department of Texas A M University, argues that it is vital that students entering medicine

Ghosts of the Bomb The Tragedy of the Hibakusha - 994 Words

The radiation that infected the air of Hiroshima and Nagasaki following the first and second nuclear attacks lends a physical manifestation to the idea that Japan was literally haunted by the ghost of the atomic bomb. It is important to acknowledge that the atomic bombs left behind permanent signs of impact that surpassed physical damage; lost in the calculations of casualties and blast radius was the psychological effect experienced by the victims of this unparalleled disaster. A dichotomy of sorts, the bomb appeared in a flash, incomprehensible, alien, and unknown, and left an emotional scar that manifested itself as the concept of the Hibakusha, which is directly translated as â€Å"explosion-affected people.† Through individual examples†¦show more content†¦Hara describes this transformation as â€Å"time [that has] been constantly eyeing me and my fellow victims from a distance, awaiting its chance to drive us mad,† and it is clear that for the Hibakus ha, the struggle to avoid this inevitable descent has already begun . While the two other pieces assigned for this class both touched upon certain elements of the attacks that Hara does not discuss, as a fourth-generation New Yorker who experienced the events of September 11th first hand, I was particularly struck with his portrayal of the ways in which the survivors of widespread disasters are often victims themselves. Much of the language used in the piece recalls New York City in the wake of the attacks: constant physical and emotional reminders of death, silent acknowledgment of shared suffering, and a larger desire to rationalize such irrational tragedy. In this course, we have examined many instances of the physical victims of the attacks, yet it is equally as important to consider the hibakusha, the survivors of the attacks whose lives metaphorically ended (or at least fundamentally changed)on that day as well. The tragedy and destruction of the attacks does not exist only in death tolls and collateral damage; it exists in the lives of those who were lucky enough to survive but not lucky enough to be

Stefan’s Diaries The Craving Chapter 1 Free Essays

I picked out a heartbeat, a single life, in the near distance. The other noises of the city faded into the background as this one called to me. She had wandered away from her friends and left the well-worn paths. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sun had just set over Central Park, where I’d exiled myself since arriving in New York City fourteen long days ago. The colors in this expanse of wilderness were softening, sliding toward one another, shadows blurring with the things that made them. The oranges and deep blues of the sky morphed into an inky black, while the muddy ground dimmed to a velvety sienna. Around me, most of the world was still, paused in the breath that comes at the end of day when the guards change: Humans and their daylight companions lock their doors and creatures of the night like myself come out to hunt. With the ring Katherine gave me I can walk in the daylight like any normal, living human. But as it’s been since the beginning of time, it’s easier for vampires to hunt during the uncertain hours when day slowly becomes night. Dusk confuses those who aren’t equipped with the eyes and ears of a nocturnal predator. The heartbeat I now pursued began to sound quieter . . . its owner was getting away. Desperate, I took off, forcing my body to move quickly, my feet to push off from the ground. I was weak from lack of feeding, and it was affecting my ability to hunt. Added to that, these woods weren’t familiar to me. The plants and vines were as alien as the people on the cobbled streets a quarter mile away. But a hunter transplanted is still a hunter. I leaped over a twiggy, stunted bush and avoided an icy stream, devoid of the lazy catfish I used to watch as a child, until my foot slipped on mossy stone and I crashed through the underbrush, my chase growing far louder than I intended. The bearer of the heart I followed heard and knew her death was close. Now that she was alone and aware of her plight, she began to run in earnest. What a spectacle I must have made: dark hair askew, skin as pale as a corpse, eyes starting to redden as the vampire in me came out. Running and leaping through the woods like a wild man, dressed in the finery Lexi, my friend in New Orleans, had given me, the white silk shirt now torn at the sleeves. She picked up speed. But I wasn’t going to lose her. My need for blood became an ache so strong that I couldn’t contain myself any longer. A sweet pain bloomed along my jaw and my fangs came out. The blood in my face grew hot as I underwent the change. My senses expanded as my Power took over, sapping my last bit of vampiric strength. I leaped, moving at a speed beyond human and animal. With that instinct all living creatures have, the poor thing felt death closing in and began to panic, scrambling for safety under the trees. Her heart pounded out of control: thump thump thump thump thump thump. The tiny human part of me might have regretted what I was about to do, but the vampire in me needed the blood. With a final jump, I caught my prey – a large, greedy squirrel who’d left her pack to scavenge for extra food. Time slowed as I descended, ripped her neck aside, and sank my teeth into her flesh, draining her life into me one drop at a time. I’d eaten squirrels as a human, which lessened my guilt marginally. Back home in Mystic Falls, my brother and I would hunt in the tangled woods that surrounded our estate. Though squirrels were poor eating for most of the year, they were fat and tasted like nuts in the fall. Squirrel blood, however, was no such feast; it was rank and unpleasant. It was nourishment, nothing more – and barely that. I forced myself to keep drinking. It was a tease, a reminder of the intoxicating liquid that runs in a human’s veins. But from the moment Damon ended Callie’s life, I had sworn off humans forever. I would never kill, never feed from, and never love another human. I could only bring them pain and death, even if I didn’t mean to. That’s what life as a vampire meant. That’s what life with this new, vengeful Damon as my brother meant. An owl hooted in the elm that towered over my head. A chipmunk skittered past my feet. My shoulders slumped as I laid the poor squirrel down on the ground. So little blood remained in its body that the wound didn’t leak, the animal’s legs already growing stiff with rigor mortis. I wiped the traces of blood and fur from my face and headed deeper into the park, alone with my thoughts while a city of nearly a million people buzzed around me. Since I’d sneaked off the train two weeks earlier, I’d been sleeping in the middle of the park in what was essentially a cave. I’d taken to marking a concrete slab with the passing of each day. Otherwise moments blended together, meaningless, and empty. Next to the cave was a fenced-in area where construction men had gathered the â€Å"useful† remains of a village they had razed to make Central Park, as well as the architectural bric-a-brac they intended to install – carved fountains, baseless statues, lintels, thresholds, and even gravestones. I pushed past a barren branch – November’s chill had robbed nearly every tree of its leaves – and sniffed the air. It would rain soon. I knew that both from living in plantation country and from the monster senses that constantly gave me a thousand different pieces of information about the world around me. And then the breeze changed direction, and brought with it the teasing, cloying scent of rust. There it was again. A painful, metallic tang. The smell of blood. Human blood. I stepped into the clearing, my breath coming rapidly. The thick stench of iron was everywhere, filling the hollow with an almost palpable fog. I scanned the area. There was the cave where I spent my tortured nights, tossing and turning and waiting for dawn. Just outside it was a jumble of beams and doors stolen from knocked-down houses and desecrated graves. Farther in the distance there were the glowing white statues and fountains installed around the park. And then I saw it. At the base of a statue of a regal prince was the body of a young woman, her white ball gown slowly turning a bloody red. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 1, Essay examples

Uses of Big Data in Business Organizations-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Uses of Big Data in Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction In order to run the daily operations of the company, a lot of information is made use of in daily manner. This requires the data to be saved in a proper manner so that it can be used. And in this era of information, huge amount of data needs to be available in a ready manner to make decisions. Big data relates to the data sets which are not just big but are also high in velocity and variety, owing to which, it becomes difficult in handling if the traditional techniques and tools are made use of. In this discussion, the literature which has been published in context of the use of such big data by the companies has been elucidated. Project Objective The key objective of this project is towards identifying the manner in which the big data is used by the organizations. The other objective is to identify the manner in which the organizations have grown to rely upon such big data. Project Scope This discussion would be limited to secondary sources of research where the different literatures would be analysed, in terms of the ones which focus on the use of big data by the organizations. This would help in showing the growing reliance on big data by the companies, along with the looming threat associated with the use of such big data. Literature Review Before carrying out a discussion on how the big data is used by the organizations, there is a need to understand what big data actually refers to. In terms of Manyika el al (2011), it is the amount of data which is just beyond the technologys ability for storing, managing and processing in an efficient manner. TechAmerica Foundation have defined it as a term which is used to define the high-volume, high speed, complex, high-tech and multivariate data for the purpose of capturing, storing, distributing, managing and analysing the information. Gartner and Gursakal have defined big data as the high velocity, variety information and volume of information assets which need new forms of processing in order to be allowed for the enhanced insight discovery, process optimization and decision making (Anandhi and Sekar, 2017). As per Finchman et al. (2014), big data has gained a lot of significance as being a breakthrough in the technological development amongst the academicians, and in views of Chen et al (2012) this is also true for the business communities. Laney (2001) has defined big data the data which is based on huge volumes of broadly varying data which is processed after being generated and captured at high velocity. This makes the processing of such data through the existing technology, a difficult thing to be done (Constantious and Kallinikos, 2015). Through the adoption of analytics technology, the companies can make use of big data for the purpose of developing new and innovative products, services and insights (Davenport et al., 2012). As per Baesens et al (2014), there are a number of opportunities which are presented from the big data analytics for the companies and these are quite important. They have described big data as being the mother lode of the disruptive changes in the business environment which is networked. Through the adoption of the big data technologies, the companies are expected to attain advantages in different domains which include security, health, e-commerce, science and e-government (Chen et al., 2012). The organizations benefit from the perceived values which depend upon their strategic goals for the adoption and use of the big data (Ghoshal et al., 2014). These values are not restricted to the economic values, but also include the economic values as well. The social values which are present for the companies, in views of Cech et al., (2015) include education, in views of Raghupathi and Raghupati (2014) include healthcare, and in views of Newell and Marabelli (2015) includes security and public safety. The governments can also make use of this big data for enhancing transparency, preventing crime and fraud, improving upon the national security, supporting the wellbeing of people through healthcare and education, and increased citizen engagement in public affairs (Kim et al., 2014). As a result of this, the social value consists of the advantages for the single users and the societal benefits like consumer surplus, employment growth and productivity (Loebbecke and Picot, 2015). For an organization, their economic value can be measured through the increase in their competitive advantage, profit and business growth which results from the adoption of big data (Davenport, 2006). The economic value generally covers the monetary benefits which are usually appropriated by the companies. An example of this can be seen in the reliance being made by the organizations for guiding the strategies of the organization and towards the day to day operations of the organization which is expected to give better financial performance for the company in comparison to the other organizations (LaValle et al, 2011). Generally, the big data is deemed as being a source of the new and innovate business opportunities, products and services (Davenport et al., 2012). Apart from this, the big data results in operations being more effective and efficient, and the examples of this include the selection of right people for some jobs and tasks, minimization of quality issues and errors, improved customer relationship, optimization of supply chain flows, and the setting up of the most profitable prices for the services and goods (Davenport, 2006). Apart from this, the economic and social values can be attained from the big data through more informed strategizing and enhanced decision making (Constantiou and Kallinikos, 2015). In the opinion of Clarke (2016), the academic and the practitioner based literatures have a major focus over the opportunities which are provided for the organizations through the big data. Though, extensive publicity and high hopes relating to big data cannot guarantee the attainment of actual value, which could also result in the organizations believing that they can obtain more value from the big data which in reality they can actually realize in practice (Ransbotham et al., 2016). There are different sources of big data and these include the sources from within the company, which includes the transactional data and data from the ERP systems, and the external sources of data include the data offered through third party, open data, sensor data and the user-generated data (Zuboff, 2015). Due to these reasons, the data is often not produced or collected for the same reasons for which it is used in the end (Newell and Marbelli, 2015). On the basis of the granularity and the variety of data, it becomes difficult to predict which insights would be accrued from the different sources in an ex-ante manner (Constantiou and Kallinikos, 2015). The trends of big data have resulted in the creation of an attitude of collecting the data which has no pre-defined objective, promotion of bottom up, analysis, inductive approach to collection of big data and its exploration. As per Bholat (2015), this approach begins from data and later on attempts to generate a theoretical explana tion. An example of the same can be seen in the study which was performed by Madsen (2015) on the manner in which the technological features of the digital social analytics, which is simply a subset of the big data analytics, influence the project work. This inductive approach allowed for the distinctions and patterns to come to light as they were unknown previously, to emerge from the big data. As a result of this, the data collected for one reason could be made use for other purposes, as the same can be combined and analysed in different and new manners (Aaltonen and Tempini, 2014). Some of the business analytics experts were interviewed by Tamm et al (2013) for the preliminary assessment of the pathways to value from the big data. The experts in this study showed concerns in context of the value of analytic based advisory services, as the insights were gained by approaching the big data in an inductive manner for compensating for the efforts which were required to troll the data without having a clear business case or clear focus. The retention and trolling of the huge bites of unstructured data are deemed as an expensive exercise, which requires the focus of the particular business (Gao et al., 2015). Such focus is necessary for the purpose of maximization of the possibility of value realization. As a result of this, the scholars have acknowledged more deductive approach to the big data analytics which begin from the general theory and later on make use of the particular data for testing it. This hypothetic based approach is common parlance in healthcare setti ngs in which the data is collected, processed and visualized for particular purpose (Tan et al., 2015). A major risk in this approach is the confirmation bias, which takes place when the decision makes looks for the data specifically for confirming their hypotheses (Bholat, 2015). Bholat (2015) has made the argument that the induction and deduction in practice are two ideal approaches which are intertwined and which complement each other and this implies the requirement for balancing them. An example of this is the analysts which could be provided certain degree of freedom to arrive in an inductive manner at the creative and innovative ideas, though the specific boundaries could be set around the projects in a simultaneous manner which they were working upon for making certain that the business value is delivered (Gao et al., 2015). Lycett (2013) has argued that the limit to which such inductions and deductions are balanced in the real world depends partly over the influence of the pre-existent frames of mindsets or reference of the ones who interpret the data. As a result of this, the issues of human based intelligence and algorithmic intelligence as a debate at work practice level. There are also arguments in favour of the algorithmic intelligence which relate to such algorithms being a guide to analysts for the innovative analytic categorizations and concepts, whilst avoiding the pre-established and preconceived distinctions. When it comes to the artificial intelligence or the sophisticated machines learning the algorithms, there is an improvement of procedures with time (Van der Vlist, 2016). Different scholars have highlighted different examples in this regard, for instance Markus (2015) highlighted IBMs Watson, Newell and Marabelli (2015) highlighted the self-driving cars, and Sharma et al (2014) shed light over the fraud detection algorithms. The scholars considering big data at the work practice level have debated on the manner in which the different actors work for gaining the possible valuable insights from the big data. A number of studies in this regard have been based on the augmentation on empirical evidence, including that of Madsen (2015), and Nam var and Cybulski (2014). In views of Peppar and Ward (2004), in order for the organizations to develop their capabilities, they need to find the ways for effectively developing, mobilizing and using the human and technical resources which relate to the big data. There are different manners of putting big data towards innovations, and one of the manners of using this is through accessing the big data techniques and sources, and acting upon improving the present processes in terms of their effectiveness and efficiency. An example of this is IBM implementing a database system for linking its employee, which is used by them for improving upon the knowledge sharing and the efficiency across the company (Gillon et al, 2014). Conclusion The previous segments covered a brief upon the different literatures which cover the use of big data. This discussion not only covered the advantages of such use, but also identified certain limitations, particularly when the big data is collected for one purpose and ends up being used for another purpose. In a crux, big data is a crucial tool which can help the company in keeping not only its social values but also the economic ones as well. Reference List Aaltonen, A., and Tempini, N. (2014) Everything counts in large amounts: a critical realist case study on data-based production. J. Inform. Technol., 29 (1), pp. 97-110. Anandhi, R., and Sekar, G. (2017) A Birds Eye View on Big Data Analytics. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 9(3), pp. 1701-1706. Baesens, B., Bapna, R., Marsden, J.R., Vanthienen, J., and Zhao J.L. (2014) Transformational issues of big data and analytics in networked business. MIS Quart., 38 (2), pp. 629-632. Bholat, D. (2015) Big data and central banks. Big Data Soc., 2 (1), pp. 1-6. Chen, H., Chiang, R.H.L., and Storey, V.C. (2012) Business intelligence and analytics: from big data to big impact. MIS Quarterly, 36 (4), pp. 1165-1188. Constantiou, I.D., and Kallinikos J. (2015) New games, new rules: big data and the changing context of strategy. J. Inform. Technol., 30 (1), pp. 44-57. Davenport, T.H. (2006) Competing on analytics. Harvard Bus. Rev., 84 (1), pp. 98-107. Davenport, T.H., Barth, P., and Bean, R. (2012) How big data is different. MIT Sloan Manage. Rev., 54 (1), pp. 43-46. Davenport, T.H., Barth, P., Bean, R. (2012) How big data is different. MIT Sloan Manage. Rev., 54 (1), pp. 43-46. Fichman, R.G., Santos, B.L.D., and Zheng, Z. (2014) Digital innovation as a fundamental and powerful concept in the information systems curriculum. MIS Quart., 38 (2), pp. 329-353. Gao, J., Koronios, A., Selle, S. (2015) Towards a process view on critical success factors in big data analytics projects. Proceedings of the Twenty-First Americas Conference on Information Systems, Puerto Rico, August 1315 Ghoshal, A., Larson, E.C., Subramanyam, R., and Shaw, M.J. (2014) The impact of business analytics strategy on social, mobile, and cloud computing adoption. Proceedings of the Thirty Fifth International International Conference on Information Systems, Auckland, New Zealand, December 1417. Gillon, K., Aral, S., Lin, C., Mithas, S., and Zozulia, M. (2014) Business analytics: radical shift or incremental change?. Commun. Assoc. Inform. Syst., 34 (13), pp. 287-296. Kim, G., Trimi, S., and Chung, J. (2014) Big-data applications in the government sector. Commun. ACM, 57 (3), pp. 78-85. Laney, D. (2001) 3D Data management: controlling data volume, velocity, and variety. [Online] Garter. Available from: https://blogs.gartner.com/doug-laney/files/2012/01/ad949-3D-Data-Management-Controlling-Data-Volume-Velocity-and-Variety.pdf [Accessed on: 16/12/17] LaValle, S., Lesser, E., Shockley, R., Hopkins, M.S., and Kruschwitz, N. (2011) Big data, analytics and the path from insights to value. MIT Sloan Manage. Rev., 52 (2), pp. 21-32. Loebbecke, C., and Picot, A. (2015) Reflections on societal and business model transformation arising from digitization and big data analytics: a research agenda. J. Strategic Inform. Syst., 24 (3), pp. 149-157. Lycett, M. (2013) 'Datafication': making sense of (big) data in a complex world. Euro. J. Inform. Syst., 22 (4), pp. 381-386. Madsen, A.K. (2015) Between technical features and analytic capabilities: charting a relational affordance space for digital social analytics. Big Data Soc., 2 (1), pp. 1-15. Manyika, J., Chui,. M., Brown, B., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Roxburgh, C., and Byers, A. H. (2011) Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity. [Online] McKinsey Global Institute. Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/big-data-the-next-frontier-for-innovation [Accessed on: 16/12/17] Markus, M.L. (2015) New games, new rules, new scoreboards: the potential consequences of big data. J. Inform. Technol., 30 (1), pp. 58-59. Namvar, M., and Cybulski, J. (2014) BI-based organizations: a sensemaking perspective. Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth International Conference on Information Systems, Auckland, New Zealand, December 1417. Newell, S., and Marabelli, M. (2015) Strategic opportunities (and challenges) of algorithmic decision-making: a call for action on the long-term societal effects of 'datafication'. J. Strategic Inform. Syst., 24 (1), pp. 3-14. Newell, S., and Marabelli, M. (2015) Strategic opportunities (and challenges) of algorithmic decision-making: a call for action on the long-term societal effects of 'datafication'. J. Strategic Inform. Syst., 24 (1), pp. 3-14. Peppard, J., and Ward, J. (2004) Beyond strategic information systems: toward an IS capability. J. Strategic Inform. Syst., 13 (2), pp. 167-194. Raghupathi, W., and Raghupathi, V. (2014) Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential. Health Inform. Sci. Syst., 2 (3), pp. 1-10, 10.1186/2047-2501-2-3. Ransbotham, S., Kiron, D., and Prentice, P.K. (2016) Beyond the hype: the hard work behind analytics success. MIT Sloan Manage. Rev., 57 (3), pp. 3-16. Sharma, R., Mithas, S., and Kankanhalli, A. (2014) Transforming decision-making processes: a research agenda for understanding the impact of business analytics on organisations. Euro. J. Inform. Syst., 23 (4), pp. 433-441. Tamm, T., Seddon, P., and Shanks, G. (2013) Pathways to value from business analytics. Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Conference on Information Systems, Milan, Italy, December 1518. Tan, C., Sun, L., and Liu, K. (2015) Big data architecture for pervasive healthcare: a literature review. Proceedings of the Twenty-Third European Conference on Information Systems, Mnster, Germany, May 2629. Van der Vlist, F.N. (2016) Accounting for the social: investigating commensuration and big data practices at Facebook. Big Data Soc., 3 (1), pp. 1-16. Zuboff, S. (2015) Big other: surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization. J. Inform. Technol., 30 (1), pp. 75-89

La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis Essay Example

La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis Paper La Belle Dame Sans Merci is an allegorical poem that uses folklore and tradition to represent ideas about life and impending death. These two contrasting themes are represented with the use of nature as a moderator for the authors imagery and diction throughout the twelve stanzas of the poem. We can relate the emotions conveyed by the young, dying knight to the author, who was also very young at the time and was dying of tuberculosis. Stanzas 1 2 Stanza one opens with an unknown persona in the 3rd person. This suggests an omnipresent, mysterious being that knows of the subject. The unknown person immediately addresses the subject as the knight-at-arms who is alone and palely loitering. This unknown speaker is an ambiguous character; he could be a mere passer-by that asks the knight what ail thee or maybe a voice inside the knights head encouraging the knight to pick himself up from a world where no birds sing. The author uses the environment to describe the state of the knight, for example, the withered sedge could symbolize the knights bad health. The second stanza opens, repeating the first line in the first stanza. We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second stanza then goes on to describe the knight as haggard looking in a world where the harvests done. This incremental repetition shows a different perspective on the knight. The first description in stanza one suggests a whole world that is beyond repair, but the second stanza describes a world that has once been a good place to live in as the squirrel has filled his granary. Could this voice describing the first two stanzas have made the subject realise that if the world was once great, then why cant it be great again? Or could the ending harvest signify the end of the knights life and happiness? Stanzas 3 6 Stanza three opens with the 1st person, the poetic voice is now the knight himself. He sees a lily on thy brow, lilies are associated with death and this is what he foresees on his brow. Also on his brow are anguish and fever-dew, this could suggest that the knight-at-arms is angry at the fact that he is dying as he may be young, like the author, with a full life ahead of him. In that line is some consonance which makes an s sound: as the s sound is often linked with whispers and quietness, the knight may want to keep his anguish moist secret because he is an honourable figure, a knight, that must not be seen angry at what is happening to him. He then sees a fading rose on his cheeks, roses are associated with beauty and he sees himself fading away. The next line keeps this theme of flowers by saying that the rose, his beauty, is fast withering. The indefinite article is used to describe these two flowers: perhaps because he is not familiarised with these two symbols and they are not yet a feature of his person. Stanza four continues in the first person when the knight meets a lady in the meads. He describes her as beautiful and has wild eyes. In previous stanzas, the use of nature is a physical describer but it is now being used as a metaphorical one. In stanza five, the lady he meets looks at him as she did love and made sweet moan. The ambiguity of the line could suggest rape or intercourse; the sweet moan could imply sexual intercourse, or possibly a sweet moan of happiness that she had found love. If it was intended to be rape, then I believe an enjambment would be placed before the sweet moan as the situation would be a rapid one. The sixth stanza starts to hint that the lady is possibly enchanted or of magical powers as she sings a faerys song. As the subject takes her away on his pacing steed and sees nothing else but her all day long. This could have physical or metaphorical connotations that either he is close to her and looking at her all day or that the thought of loving her is so vast that he cannot think about anything else. These last three stanzas talk about what the knight does to the lady, but this will soon change to what the lady does to the man, possibly suggesting a change in domination. Stanzas 7 9 Stanza seven opens with she found me roots of relish sweet. This is different to the previous stanzas which open with I made, I met. I believe this suggests a shift in domination. Here we find another reference to her paranormal being as she seems to make a potion of relish and manna-dew and then says I love you in language strange. This could be expressing her love, or possibly a spell? Stanza eight opens with a change of location as the lady takes the knight away to her elfin grot. It is there when she weeps as something has suddenly upset her. If the reader believes that the poem is based on rape then it could be that she cries of humiliation that she has been raped. Maybe she has been raped as the young knight is dying and wanted to fulfil manly needs before his demise. On the other hand, the reader may think that she is crying because her true love is dying. Maybe the potion that the lady made was to help cure him, or maybe it has done more bad than good for the knight. We can t ell that he is about to die as in the ninth stanza, he is lulled asleep and dreams the latest dream he ever dreamt. This past tense suggests that he is writing this poem or stanza posthumously. Stanzas 10 12 The tenth stanza opens in the latest dream. I believe this dream to be a recounting, both physically and metaphorically, of the knights short life. He sees pale warriors in the place he is in, all death-pale suggesting that he is in a place of dead bodies, either a graveyard or the after life. He dreams of men of power kings, princes and warriors which could suggest what his ambitions were. He then hears them cry La Belle Dame Sans Merci, they have also been associated with the lady that the knight met in the meads. The starved lips described in stanza eleven may suggest that the lady starved them or enchanted them in ways that malnourished them, maybe not out of malice, but her enchantments did not work for humans which could explain the theory that she is crying out of guilt in stanza eight. The last stanza drifts back into the present, explaining the consequences of his dream, back in the world that he started in when he met the lady. The word sojourn suggests he may be there for a long time, and is possibly looking for another lady like the Belle or maybe even her. The place may be hell where people like the Belle trick you into love only to find yourself more depressed. The poem conveys the message that love can raise people out of the worst places, and that you should always take opportunities and live your life to the full as you never know when it is going to end. Theme The themes running through the poem are death, life, love and magic. The knight is about to die but goes about having one of the best days of his life by meeting the lady that he loves and she loves him. There is uncertainty whether the lady is enchanted o if the knight just sees her as enchanting with her love. Eventually the knight dies and reflects on his life. The contrast of themes in this poem is possibly one of the most dynamic contrasts existing, life and death. They create ambiguity out of simple concepts as they are so powerful and deep. The most important moral from the poem is that love can overcome death, even impending death, and that love can make even a dying person happy. Imagery The imagery from this poem is mostly created through nature and the comparison of livings things to allegorical things. The nature being described explains the way that the subject is acting and feeling, for example, the harvests done suggests that his life is done and it is his time to pass. The author uses naturalistic symbols, like lilies and roses, to explain the poetic voices situation and compares them with what they symbolize. Sounds As I described before, the author uses consonance to both appeal to the senses and hide a deeper meaning. Not only does the use of consonance is the phrase anguish moist give aural quality, but the s sound also implies secrecy of the anguish. With little alliteration, and strong sound changes, the poems words are thought about and spoken for longer than a normal one would. Structure The poem is written in a ballad and has the rhyme scheme of ABCB. Each line has eight syllables to it, with the last line of each stanza varying from four to five syllables. There are twelve stanzas of four lines, totalling in a forty-eight line ballad. The absence of contraction to fit the rhyme scheme proves that the author deliberated over each and every word. Diction The incremental repetition in the first two stanzas not only appealed to the senses as an organised piece, but also suggested deeper meaning and idea in the knights thoughts. The starved lips phrase also invokes thought as to why these people of high authority were starves, starved of air in a strangulation, starved of food, food that starved them? Authorial Intention I believe the authors intention was to convey his emotions through a fictional character that would allow the author to exaggerate certain aspects of his illness and pick up on certain feelings that he has felt during his short life. Knowing that he was to die as both his parents died of the disease that he contracted, I believe the author predicts the worst for himself and over stresses the situation. He, as well as the knight, is in love whilst he is dying and also feels angry that his life and love is to be cut short. Again, this may be a tribute to his lover as the poem conveys a message that love can even conquer death, and that his lovers love is helping him to live through his illness and dying process. My Response I think that the author has encoded his life into this piece and challenges the reader to look deeper into the poem to really find out more about his life. The poem starts off confusing, but as it progresses through its twelve stanzas, it becomes more clear how the author/knight is feeling and why. The morals that the author conveys are put across in exaggerated ways but with the knowledge of the authors illness, we can easily apply what is happening to his life. Whether he intends for the lady to be a person or just life itself, he loves it and proves that love is the most important thing in life. With this love of life, yet the anger of it being cut short so early, the author seems as if he can conquer anything, even a faerys child. We can apply this in our day to day lives, whatever we want we can have if we love what we are trying to achieve.

Malaria Genome Project essays

Malaria Genome Project essays The Malaria genome project, brings new hope Malaria is one of the worlds most serious infectious diseases. According to the World Health Organization, it kills 2.5 million people and infects 500 million each year worldwide. Malaria occurs in 100 countries, placing 40% of the worlds population at risk. About 90% of cases are in tropical regions of Africa. About 95% of deaths are Africans under the age 5. The most common form of malaria is the product of a nefarious partnership between the Anopheles Gambia mosquito and the Plasmodium Falciparum parasite. Mosquitoes pick up the parasite by feeding on an infected human host. The parasite lives in the mosquitos gut until the mosquito bites another human. Malaria is currently reoccurring in many countries where it had been under control for decades. Anti-malarial drugs have lost much of their effectiveness. Plasmodium has evolved resistance to several drugs in many areas, therefore, necessitating the use of a combination of drugs. Pesticides used to control Plasmodiums vector, the mosquito, are also losing their effectiveness. Mosquitoes are evolving resistance to many pesticides. Therefore, scientists in a project called, The Malaria Genome project, which sequences the genome of Plasmodium Falciparum, are currently testing new anti-malaria drugs and several possible vaccines against malaria. A genome is the genetic instruction manual for any organism. An international team of scientists from the Malaria Genome Project has achieved a breakthrough that is expected to lead to the prevention and treatment of one of the worlds most serious infectious disease. These scientists report they have sequenced the genomes of both the parasite responsible for infections in humans and of the mosquito that carries the parasite. Together, these two genome maps, along with the map of the human g ...

Johnson, James Weldon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Johnson, James Weldon - Research Paper Example A major chunk of the works highlighted in this historical overview was taken from the segment regarding James Weldon Johnson. There was some information that was skipped mostly because it was irrelevant and shifted focus from Johnson’s main work. The main concentration was on many of his great poems as well as pieces of his works. This site consists of a lot of information about James Weldon Johnson’s life, his work and how passionate he was about poetry as well as music. The core focus however is on his work which is creatively displayed and depicted through the colorful use of making various quotes, summaries and key phrases out of his work; for example, ‘The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man an God’s Trombones’. This makes his poetry and literature all the more attractive and easily to go through for viewers. This website focuses on the biography and providing the detailed work of James Weldon Johnson. It is structured and organized in the way that it displays a great list of a wide selection of his work which is displayed categorized by the year in which It was published. Furthermore it includes the may awards and honors that were presented to Johnson during his lifetime and several that were named for him after he had passed away. Douglas, A. and Buckles, C. (2011). Documenting the American South. University Library.  God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse Electronic Edition. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The unique thing about this source was the fact that it showed representations of the actual work of James Weldon Johnson. There were a lot pictures that were scanned from his actual book which gave the reader a very real idea of what his work was really like in its original form. Furthermore there were several links that aimed to enhance ones study into topics like southern history, literature as well as culture. Johnson played a major part in the

Oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Oil - Essay Example Recently, there has been growing awareness that oil reserves and the amount of fossil fuel oil available in the world are running out. Renewable and more environmental friendly sources of fuel are also being explored as alternatives for fossil fuel oil. The research and development of solar power, geothermal, hydro-electric and wind energy has been growing due to those concerns. There has also been research on more ecologically safe fuel such as biodiesel and ethanol fuel types mainly for vehicles. While this has been a slow development, this has been growing as a trend and movement. OPEC sees the development of such alternative measures for fuel as a threat to their economic objectives. Inviglio (2010) said that â€Å"every hybrid, plug-in, and electric vehicle sold means fewer gallons of oil burnt. Over the past few years, political pressures have been propping up the emerging market for autos that use little gasoline. But if the gas price remains low for too long, consumers may not embrace the new technology, because its just so expensive†. For OPEC to monitor the limited supply of oil, it would need to adjust its oil prices and allocation basing on the needs of its various consumers and how much supply is needed to be

Current Trends Within the Mobile Phone Sector Essay

Current Trends Within the Mobile Phone Sector - Essay Example This is obviously a recent phenomenon with the advancement of the smartphone, which now has captured as much as 70 percent of the entire mobile phone market in many Western countries (Azizi 2012). Because of this, it is found that the average mobile phone user now spends as much as seven hours more per month with their phone than they did just a mere year ago. This trend is further reflective of the reality that mobile phone devices themselves are much more ubiquitous today than they were in yesteryear, as they can do so much more for us than was ever really envisioned. In fact, this trend leads one to believe if the actual word ‘phone’ will be replaced in the future, as the devices do so much more than allowing for just simple voice to voice communication, the likes of which many today do not even consider to be the primary use of the mobile phone in the first place. Individual consumers and organizations alike are beginning to learn new capabilities and demanding more for their mobile phones, which is certainly setting a trend for future competitiveness within the industry itself for years to come. One leader researcher for consumer trends notes that people today, globally, are looking for and expecting a new experience with the technology that they purchase and utilize in their daily lives (Borges 2012). Within this discipline, mobile phones are at the cutting edge of a technological revolution because so many people depend on them for their productivity and communication needs today.This assignment and module have proven most effective as it has enabled to gain a perspective of how modern day consumer needs are being driven largely by technology.   Something as basic to a human organization as a telephone continues to be driven by feature-rich applications, ever light models, and a propensity to outdo competitors with new technology that there is seemingly no end in sight.   Two worldwide companies were highlighted, and they certainly refle ct the lion’s share of this particular industry, but they are by no means the only players in the business.   In the end, any company who can gain a certain level of name recognition with a particular demographic group, and can provide the consumer with the features and ease of use that they desire, will have a role to play in the future.   The Chinese firm of Huawei, for example, has capitalized by the lack of interest in the developing world to this world expressed by the major phone manufacturers, and they have risen to become the world’s fourth-largest smartphone maker.   That has solidified in my mind the power of developing a niche.   One does not have to be the largest to be successful.   With a bit of ingenuity and forward progressive thinking, the marketplace can be opened in new and profitable ways.        

Literature Review Of Production Planning And Controlling Accounting Essay

Literature Review Of Production Planning And Controlling Accounting Essay Last year couple of authors tried their best to attempt to identify production planning and control (PPC) top authors. Fernandes, et al. published an article whose main goal is to classify the top PPC authors by means of a survey on PPC researchers. They identified top 10 authors, their influence and impact in PPC. The main contributions of Fernandes et al. (July 2009, pp. 461-478(18)) Identified (among a great number of books regarding PPC) the books that has more influence on the PPC area, Guided the study of PPC by means of presenting the main books and authors of PPC, Showed the most valuable work of the PPC top authors, initiating a process of determining who the PPC gurus are. Gonzalez, et al. (July 2008, pp. 461-474) investigated the relationship between planning reliability and project performance and found out that variability is a well-known problem in construction projects which leads to the general deterioration of project performance. In this paper, the authors report on a detailed research analyzing this relationship during the construction phase of a home building project at activity and project levels. By doing so, two indexes proposed An activity planning reliability index called the process reliability index (PRI) A project aggregate labor productivity index, called the project productivity index (PPI). Statistical analyses using the proposed indexes conducted showing positive and strong relationships between planning reliability and performance at activity and project levels. The research findings provide the guidelines of a preliminary methodology to forecast the impacts of planning reliability over project performance when lean production methodologies are applied in project planning and control. Orsoni et al. (July 2007, pp. 19-31) Tried to explain remote scheduling of production activities they said remote scheduling is a fast growing area of research in the wider area of Production Planning and Control (PPC). Many solutions reported in the literature and many scheduling tools are currently available, however, the criteria for their evaluation and comparison remain loosely defined. This paper proposes an overview of existing solutions highlighting their advantages and limitations, to support academics and industrial users in their choices of scheduling techniques and Inter Process Communication (IPC) solutions for the remote and online scheduling of production. This paper also proposes design guidelines and performance measures against which production managers can evaluate and improve their solutions. Lima, R. M. et al. (October 2006, pp. 3693-3709) did some work on distributed production planning and control agent-based system and said remote scheduling is a fast growing area of research in the wider area of Production Planning and Control (PPC). Many solutions reported in the literature and many scheduling tools are currently available, however, the criteria for their evaluation and comparison remain loosely defined. This paper proposes an overview of existing solutions, highlighting their advantages and limitations, to support academics and industrial users in their choices of scheduling techniques and Inter Process Communication (IPC) solutions for the remote and online scheduling of production. Stevenson, Mark (Feb2006, pp. 767-790) conducted research on Refining a Workload Control (WLC) concept to improve the applicability of the approach to the shop characteristics found in practice. This is a two-stage process leading to significant conceptual refinements to a key WLC methodology. The first stage focuses on the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) based on a WLC concept designed for Make-To-Order (MTO) companies. Refinements made include changes to the backwards scheduling procedure and the way in which jobs are released onto the shop floor. The second stage focuses on the process of implementation. Using a case study of a MTO company, the paper describes the strategy taken to overcome a number of prerequisites to the successful implementation of a Production Planning and Control (PPC) concept. Issues addressed include grouping machines and determining capacities. This case study adds to the available literature by looking specifically at implementing WLC from the customer enquiry stage, while the case study experience also provides further refinements to the WLC concept. Manufacturing companies often complain about the difficulties they face in meeting their customers logistic requirements. Many blame the perceived inadequacies of their production planning and control (PPC) software for their performance deficits. PPC software is just one of six configuration aspects of the entire PPC system. The authors argue that the configuration of the PPC aspects objectives, processes, objects, functions, responsibilities and tools has carried out methodically and consistently in order for the PPC system to function properly. The analysis of examples of so-called `stumbling blocks of PPC, inadequate configurations of one or several of the aspects supports this claim. There investigation closes with the proposal of a checklist that the authors suggest as a first approach to ensure the consistent configuration of PPC systems. (Wiendahl et al. Oct 2005). Investigated Stumbling blocks of PPC they found out M. Stevenson et al. (March 2005, pp. 869-898) presented a review of production planning and control. The paper reviews classic approaches to Production Planning and Control (PPC) such as Kanban, Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) and Theory of Constrains (TOC) and elaborates upon the emergence of techniques such as Workload Control (WLC), Constant Work In Process (CONWIP), Paired cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization (POLCA) and web- or e-based Supply Chain Management (SCM) solutions. A critical assessment of the approaches from the point of view of various sectors of the Make-To-Order (MTO) Industry presented. The paper considers factors such as the importance of the customer enquiry stage company size degree of customization and shop floor configuration and shows them to play a large role in the applicability of planning and control concepts. The paper heightens the awareness of researchers and practitioners to the PPC options, aids managerial system selection de cision-making, and highlights the importance of a clear implementation strategy. WLC emerges as the most effective Job Shop solution; whilst for other configurations there are several alternatives depending on individual company characteristics and objectives. The paper outlines key areas for future research, including the need for empirical research into the use of Workload Control in small and medium sized MTO companies. Zà ¼lch G.,  Fischer J. (March 2003, pp. 146-154) enumerated that during the realization of the CAESAR planning games, which has been supported by the European Leonardo da Vinci Programmed the use of modular planning games within a global scenario has shown to be very effective in concisely relaying educational content from the area of production management. In particular the close-to-reality situations have proven time and again to be highly motivating for seminar participants. In order to improve the transferability of acquired knowledge into practice the IFAB-Institute of Human and Industrial Engineering of the University of Karlsruhe has further developed the INSIGHTS-PPC planning game for production planning and control in such a way that the planning tasks to be tackled are set in direct relation to market similar repercussions. This realized in a new market share model. The market share model explained, paying particular attention to the practical consequences, which come a long with the implementation of such a model. Despite the potential of the developed market share model and the positive feedback from seminar participants there is a risk of the participants being diverted from the intended educational content, that of production logistic fundamentals and techniques, and of them perceiving the focus of the seminar as a relaying of market mechanisms. Starbek M.   Grum J. (December 2000, pp. 443-450) found out there is much computer-aided production planning and control (PPC) systems available on the market which can provide a solution to the complex task of production planning and control. However, the question remains, how can a company find an optimal system from the vast amount of available systems? Olhager J.   Wikner J. (April 2000, pp. 210-222) worked on Production planning and control tools, There are numerous tools available to be used for production planning and control purposes. The number of tools is ever increasing, and so are the levels of sophistication as well as complexity. For the specific manufacturing firm, the task of selecting the most appropriate set of tools is not trivial. However, in recent years, the understanding of the relationship between tools and manufacturing environments for which they are suitable has increased. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of production planning and control tools available today, as well as new trends, issues and ideas. Wiendahl et al. (December 1999, pp. 718-726) touched a general approach to disassembly planning and control and their findings are closing product and material cycles have emerged as a paradigm for industry in the 21st century, and are directed towards an economical and responsible use of our limited resources. Disassembly plays a key role in recycling. It enables the recovery of functioning components for re-use of pure materials for re-utilization and the separation of harmful substances. Major challenges presented by the enormous variety of products disassembled, by uncertainty as to quantity and by their unknown properties. An appropriate planning and control of disassembly processes is essential for an economic disassembly. Based on an investigation of the suitability of common production planning and control (PPC) methods for disassembly, a specific disassembly planning and control concept (DPC) outlined. Moscoso P. G et al. (November 1999, pp. 1492-1506) Investigated on modeling framework for complementary design of production planning and control systems and said In a business era characterized by a dazzling rate of change, the improvement of production planning and control begins to be a main objective for manufacturing industries. This paper postulates four main statements to be considered for the design of production plans and control systems (PPC-systems) comprising human and technical sub-systems. The first is that production models required for the design of PPC-systems (i.e. design models) cannot be identical to production models required for planning and control of production systems (i.e. regulatory models). The design of PPC-systems must primarily focus on the quality of interaction between the regulatory models. This insight supports the second statement, which postulates that the design of PPC-systems requires a complementary design approach. Complementary design means t o take explicitly into account that human and technical sub-systems- based on the differences in strengths and weaknesses of both- can achieve through their interaction a new quality, possible neither to human nor technical sub-systems alone. The third statement is that a complementary design of PPC-systems will only be possible if a fundamental change of mind from a static to a dynamic as well as from a technical to a socio-technical perception (i.e. a complete perception) of production systems takes place. Without a complete perception of production systems, designed PPC-systems will not be sufficiently reliable, maintainable and flexible, will be difficult to comprehend, and their elements will not be re-usable for further applications. The fourth statement is that the integral support of the design process requires a dual modeling framework comprising a meta- and an object-model. Considering these fundamental insights that were confirmed by a practical case study, a dual modelin g framework for the design of PPC-systems which incorporates criteria for complementary design is outlined. Tatsiopoulos I. P.   Mekras N.D. (July 1999, pp. 414-425) tried to find out an expert system for the selection of production planning and control software packages and presents a rule-based expert system that can be used for the selection of a suitable production planning and control (PPC) software package to be applied in a manufacturing firm. A production systems typology and a compact PPC software reference model are included in the knowledge base, which created. The inferences made based on rules that relate a semantic network of PPC software features with a semantic network of production systems attributes. The results given by the expert system include the module architecture and the set of features of the PPC software package, which are applicable in a certain manufacturing setting. Wiendahl H-P.   Breithaupt J-W. (June 1999 pp. 389-401) Worked on modeling and controlling the dynamics of production systems and infrared that nowadays, in a fast-changing production environment, companies have to adapt their production structures rapidly. Therefore new methods for production planning and control (PPC) are required that consider these dynamic changes. Todays PPC systems mainly based on static models now a dynamic production model has been developed applying methods of control theory. Using the funnel model and the theory of the logistic operating curve, a continuous model of a single production system developed. For the control task, backlogs as well as a work-in-process (wip) controller developed. The controllers interact to adjust the capacity and input rate of the work system to eliminate the backlog as soon as possible and to set the wip to a defined level. Simulation experiments confirm that this concept ensures the synchronization of capacity and work. In an ongoing research project, an extended model for several work systems connected via the material flow designed, which based on the elementary one. A suggestion to integrate the strategy into PPC on the planning level already been generated. The objective of this approach is to develop the present open-loop control realized in PPC into a closed-loop control with defined control and reference variables. Gaalman G.J.C.   Suresh N.C. (February 1999, pp. 5-17) Conducted research work towards an Integration of Process Planning and Production Planning and Control for Flexible Manufacturing Systems and this introduction article attempts to present some major issues relating to the integration of process planning and production planning and control (PPC) for flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). It shows the performance of an FMS significantly improved and FMS capabilities more effectively utilized by integrating process planning and PPC functions. The various types of flexibility to be planned and provided for in process planning and manufacturing are summarized in the article, as well as emerging conceptual frameworks for integration, along with their implementation requirements and problems. Distinctive elements that differentiate these frameworks, such as the extent of integration of process planning and PPC activities, number of alternative process plans, and the time at which nume rical control programs are generated, are discussed, followed by a brief summary of the articles compiled for this special. Luczak H. Et al. (July 1998, pp. 448-456) Analyzed PPC-systems, re-engineering or replacement and concluded the growing number of production enterprises that use software systems to support the production planning and control (PPC-systems) and the limited life-time of these systems imply that many enterprises have to decide whether or not an existing PPC-system is worthwhile reengineering. The factors that have an impact on this decision are non-quantifiable. Porter, J.K. et al. (1996) discussed Production planning and control system developments in Germany and briefly explained the impact of MRP on UK manufacturing industry in the context of the next generation of developments. Draws a contrast with production planning and control systems in Germany, which derive shop floor control through different architecture of business control systems. Presents the state of these developments in Germany as analyzed by a leading academic institution (the FIR at Aachen University of Technology). Compares this with UK developments, as seen by the Liverpool short-term scheduling group, which recently has analyzed production planning/ scheduling practice in a range of different companies across various industry types. In early 1990s computer aided process planning with relation to production planning and control brought into practice, which provided integration between both of them. Hermann Kà ¼hnle et al. (1994, pp. 21-27) Introduces concepts for the integration of Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) and Production Planning and Control (PPC). Characterizes the current situation regarding integration by a one-way communication from CAPP to PPC, since a revised link not envisaged. Introduces a new approach to full integration by the extension of functions within both systems components as well as integration of both data and information technology.

Asperger?s Syndrome Essay -- essays research papers

Asperger’s Syndrome Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you have a child to be diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become overwhelming. This is especially true if they have been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome. Parents sometimes feel guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that they are responsible for their child’s disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child being diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome since it is a neurological disorder. This particular syndrome is not widely recognized by the general public. Since Asperger’s Syndrome is not widely recognized by the general public, the public sometimes may not understand the behavior of someone who has Asperger’s Syndrome. This can be a challenge for a parent who tries to explain their child’s behavior to someone who has never heard of Asperger’s. Parents until recently may have known thei r child was behaving in an unusual manner but did not where to go for help. These are just some of the challenges that parents’ face when their child has Asperger’s because it has some of the same characteristics as Autism. This paper will review the definition and characteristics of Asperger’s Syndrome, what assessments are available to diagnose Asperger’s Syndrome, and what particular children are most often diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome. Asperger’s Syndrome was not made an official disorder until 1994. Asperger’s was discovered by Hans Asperger in the 1940's. Asperger’s Syndrome is different from autism and is under the category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Asperger has a long definition. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV of the American Psychiatric Association (cited in Klin & Volkmar, 1995) Asperger’s syndrome follows the same format as autism. The definition of Asperger’s syndrome actually uses autism as a reference point. Asperger’s syndrome involves the absences of some abnormalities in certain areas of functioning that are affected in autism. People with Asperger’s can be highly intelligent. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV of the American Psychiatric Association (citied in Klin & Volkmar, 1995) the definition of Asperger Syndrome there is a qualitative impairment in social interaction. There should be at least tw o of the following imp... ...elligent but have odd behaviors. We as educators need to understand the behaviors of children with Asperger’s Syndrome so they will not get left behind in the classroom. With on going research maybe in the future there will be one diagnostic test that all clinicians can use to properly identify someone with Asperger’s Syndrome. When a child is labeled with Asperger’s Syndrome remember this child can be highly intelligent but with some odd social behaviors. References Attwood, T. (1998). Asperger’s syndrome: A guide for parents and professionals. New York: Jessica Kingsley. Klin, A., & Volkmar F. R. (1995). Asperger’s syndrome: Guidelines for assessment and diagnosis. January 22,2005 from http://www.aspennj.org/guide.html Rubin, E. & Laurent, A. C. (2004). Implementing a curriculum- based assessment to prioritize learning objectives in asperger syndrome and high functioning autism. Topics in Language Disorders, 24(2),298-315. Tsatsanis, K. D., Foley, C., & Donehower, C. (2004). Contemporary outcome research and programming guidelines for asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Topics in Language Disorders, 24(2), 249-259.